Overview

Mono-energetic x-rays irradiate the sample, causing photoelectrons to be emitted from the surface. The binding energy and intensity of photoelectron peaks are detected and can provide elemental identity, chemical state information and elemental quantification.

Instrument Uses

• Element Identifiation
• Element Quantification
• Chemical State Analysis
• High-Throughput

Sample Integrity

• Non-Destructive

Requirements

• No Liquids
• Preferred pre-degassed
• If on solid substrate, less than 75 mm × 75 mm